The line is heavy duty construction: two main tracks over its entire length, except for the bridge at Quantico. Note: this bridge is scheduled to be upgraded with the additional of a parallel double-track structure. Federal BESTEA funding will pay for the work. Frequently spaced crossovers allow for easy bi-directional movement. VRE has funded the construction of an additional set of crossovers at Featherstone. Wayside signals are coupled to a cab signal and automatic train control system between RO, just south of the Potomac and Greendale, at the north end of Richmond's Acca Yard. Audible defect detectors are shown at left as red dots. Other defect detectors on the line are tied to the signal system.

Scenic highlights of the line include a series of bridges which carry the tracks over inlets from the Potomac. These include Neabsco, Quantico and Aquia Creek bridge. Below Fredericksburg the line enters the gently rolling countryside of the Virginia Piedmont, reaching the its highest point at Summit. At the southern end of the line, Milford, Doswell and Ashland afford easy access to the tracks. The RF&P bisects the town of Ashland.