Since June 2016, the
American Passenger Rail Heritage Foundation's Rail Rangers program has
been working hand-in-hand with the Indiana Department of Transportation
and Iowa Pacific Railroad to develop an onboard educational program on
the Hoosier State train
between Lafayette, Indiana and Chicago, Illinois. After several months
of research, we formally launched our onboard efforts with a group of
ten volunteers in November 2016. In just the past few months time, the
program has become a popular feature for passengers on select Sunday
morning departures. We have had several dozen people come up to us and
say they're riding just because of the Rail Rangers! That's a pretty
cool feeling. Since launching two years ago, the Rail Rangers has
provided narration and route guides almost exclusively on private rail
excursions. However, when Mr. Ed Ellis, the President of Iowa Pacific
asked us last summer to come up with a program for the Hoosier State
train, we eagerly took up the challenge to be back on a regular public
route. Some of our recent TrainWeb articles have focus on the historic
railcars used on the train (December 1, 2016 article) and about how we developed our interpretive programs for this train line (October 31, 2016 article).
Unfortunately, on January 30, 2017, it was announced that Iowa Pacific
would no longer be the operator of the onboard services and equipment
on the Hoosier State, effective March 1, 2017. The former Santa Fe
full-length Big Dome and the historic coaches are scheduled to be
replaced once again by the standard Amfleet and Horizon equipment.
Meanwhile, with Iowa Pacific out of the equation, the future of the
APRHF Rail Rangers Riding the Hoosier Rails program hangs in the
balance. We are expected to hear back from INDOT and Amtrak in the
coming weeks as to if we will be able to continue doing our programs
past March 1, 2017, and on what terms.
While we patiently wait for an answer on the future of our program in
Indiana... we figured this would be the perfect time to point out some
of the interesting sites you can see from the train between Lafayette
and Rensselaer. This is written as if you are going northbound on Train
#851.
TIPPECANOE BATTLEFIELD
(Milepost 113.3)
(40.5054° N, 86.8437° W)
About seven
miles north of Lafayette, the Hoosier
State will pass one of the most important historical sites that can be seen
from the train – Prophetstown State Park and the Tippecanoe Battlefield Site.
Let’s go back to the year 1808, when a Native American village was
established along the banks of the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers. Portions of it
were located in the area that you see today on the left side of the train; it
was called Prophetstown. Tecumseh came to this area, with the band of Shawnee
that he led, after all were forced out of their homelands in Ohio by white
settlers. At the time, the United States was a new country, and many Americans
were looking to live in new territories west of the Appalachian Mountains. However, as you can imagine, Native Americans
did not like their ancestral areas being taken over in such a way and did not
understand the idea that someone could actually own a piece of land. Tecumseh
decided that the only way Native Americans could survive and continue to live
in their homelands would be to form an alliance with other tribes. He traveled
persuading tribes to join his coalition. More than 14 tribes set aside their
century-old disputes to stop their new common enemy. They come together in what
became Prophetstown to seek the wisdom of Tecumseh’s brother – a Shawnee
religious and political leader known as the Prophet. The Native Americans hoped
the sheer size of their settlement would stop westward expansion.
Instead of putting a halt to westward expansion, what was occurring at
Prophetstown angered white settlers and the government. Many were especially alarmed
when the Prophet’s message grew more militant and the training of warriors
began to take place here.
In November 1811, then-governor of Indiana Territory, William Henry
Harrison, moved around 1,200 troops to near Prophetstown. He was there to meet
with tribal leaders and make them aware of federal demands that Natives stop
attacking white settlers in the Ohio Valley. Tecumseh was away from the village
upon Harrison’s arrival on November 6, 1811. He and the soldiers decided to
camp out overnight near the site, awaiting a meeting the following morning with
the Prophet. It is reported that some Natives in the village grew restless that
such a large number of soldiers were camped so close, and feared an imminent
attack. In the middle of the night, the Prophet awoke and told his villagers
that he had a vision that sending a party of warriors to murder Harrison in his
tent was the best way to avoid battle. Although the outnumbered attackers took
Harrison’s army by surprise, Harrison and his men stood their ground for more
than two hours. The Natives were ultimately repulsed when their supplies and
ammunition began to run low. This was the Battle of Tippecanoe – taking place
during the early morning hours of November 7, 1811.
Casualties for the Americans included 63 killed and 126 wounded;
estimated casualties for the Natives included 50 to 65 killed and between 70
and 80 wounded. After the battle, the Natives abandoned Prophetstown and
Harrison’s men burned it to the ground, destroyed the Native’s food supply for
the winter, and returned back to their base near present-day Vincennes,
Indiana.
Today, the battlefield site and monument can
be seen on the left side of the train, just south of the Town of Battle Ground.
About 25 years after the battle, the site became home to numerous
political rallies – as William Henry Harrison successfully ran for President in
1840, with John Tyler as his vice-president. “Tippecanoe and Tyler, too” became
one of the most famous campaign slogans in American politics. The battlefield
became a popular site for tourists as early as the 1850’s, thanks in large part
to its proximity to the railroad line we are traveling on today. The
85-foot-high marble obelisk, seen on the left, was built in 1908 for the cost
of $24,500.
MEADOW LAKE WIND FARM
(Milepost 104.7) (40.6248°
N, 86.8682° W)
Between
Brookston and Chalmers, those traveling on the Hoosier State should keep an eye out in the distance (especially on
the left side of the train) for turbines that are part of the Meadow Lake Wind
Farm.
Wind turbines consist of three main parts: the tower,
the blade and the nacelle. Most of the
action takes place inside the nacelle, where the motion of the wind turning the
blades is converted into electricity. The blades are attached to a shaft that
runs into a gearbox. The gearbox steps up the speed of rotation, which then
turns the generator producing electricity. Electricity must be produced at just
the right frequency and voltage to be compatible with the utility grid.
At Meadow Lake Wind Farm, each turbine is 260 feet
tall from the base of the tower to the hub – and another 127 feet to the tip of
its three-bladed rotor. Farmers can make from between $5,000 to $10,000 per
year for leasing their property to have turbines on them
MAGNETATION PELLET PLANT
(Milepost 95.4) (40.7591° N,
86.8736° W)
Less than one mile
north of Reynolds, the train passes a large pellet plant off on the right; it’s
owned by a company called Magnetation. Workers in Northern Minnesota use magnetic
separators to recover valuable iron-bearing tailings out of waste piles that
were left over from previous iron mining operations decades ago. The iron ore
concentrate is then shipped by rail to various customers, and the company’s own
pellet plant outside of Reynolds, Indiana. The facility, which began operations
in 2014, takes the iron ore concentrate and produces high quality fluxed iron
ore pellets, a critical raw material for making steel. These pellets are then shipped down to
Middletown, Ohio and Ashland, Kentucky, and serve as feedstock for AK Steel’s
blast furnace operations. The plant you
see from the train produces around three million tons of
iron ore pellets annually. The company is going through bankruptcy, as there is
declining demand for steel and oversupply.
Railfans might also
be intrigued by the rail system in place here at the pellet plant. The
extensive infrastructure includes a six-layer loop and over 64,000 feet of
track. The plant is service by trains both on the CSX line that our train is
operating on, and the Toledo, Peoria & Western railroad line. Magnetation
uses trains to bring in raw materials from the Iron Range area of Northern
Minnesota – and exports the pellets as far away at the Gulf of Mexico.
MONON
(Population: 1,759;
Elevation: 682 feet)
(Milepost 88.4) (40.8600° N,
86.8776° W)
The last town in White County that northbound
passengers will travel through is the Town of Monon. It was laid out in 1853 by
James Brooks, President of the New Albany and Salem Railroad (forerunner of the
Monon Railroad). The town was originally called New Bradford, but that was
changed to Monon by the time it was incorporated in 1878. The town’s name is
derived from the name of two nearby creeks – the Big Monon and the Little
Monon. The spelling of the names of the creeks was formerly ‘Monong’, a
Potawatomi word which some believe meant “swift running”.
Monon has a distinct railroad connection. You may
have noticed this route guidebook has mentioned that the Hoosier State travels on the ex-Monon Railroad route since Crawfordsville
– or that the line from Lafayette to Munster is now part of the CSX’s Monon
Subdivision. The Chicago, Indianapolis, and Louisville Railway (CI&L) was
the formal name of the railroad that operated this route from 1897- 1956.
Beginning in the 1940’s, company officials adopted ‘the Monon’ as a nickname in
advertising. It stuck so well that the CI&L formally adopted Monon as its
corporate title in January 1956.
The Monon name became lost from the sides of railroad cars when it merged
with the Louisville and Nashville Railroad on July 13, 1971. Of course, the L&N later was merged into
CSX, whose tracks we are operating on today.
So how you may be asking – of all of the larger cities along its routes –
how did Monon, a town of less than 2,000 people get chosen for the name of this
railroad? The answer lies in the fact that Monon was the junction point between
the railroad’s two major lines – one that ran from Michigan City to Louisville,
and the other than ran from Chicago to Indianapolis.
By looking at the map on the previous page, you see that from
Crawfordsville to Monon, the Hoosier
State has actually been running on the Monon’s former main line from Michigan
City to Louisville, Kentucky. Here in Monon, we switch onto the Monon’s former main
line from Chicago to Indianapolis. That is why our train will seem to make a
sharp turn to the left, while appearing to switch between rail lines. Our train
continues to follow what is now the CSX’s Monon Subdivision, but our direction
changes from due north to more northwesterly.
Unfortunately, portions of the Monon’s original two main lines routes
have been removed from service now. If
your train were to keep going due north in Monon, you would have ended up in Michigan
City. Today, you can go north for only another 15 miles to Medaryville, where
the track dead ends at a grain elevator. Likewise, if you turned right at Monon
Junction instead of left, like our train does, you would have ended up taking
the Monon’s Route into Indianapolis. Today, you can only go less than 10 more
miles on this rail line down to Monticello – where it will dead end at the
TP&W line that we crossed back at Reynolds.
One of the few surviving Monon depots still visible
from the Hoosier State route can be
seen here in town. Look towards the right, as the train is going around the
curve.
The brick station, which can be seen from the train, opened in June 1953;
it is currently used as a CSX freight office. By looking right, you should also
be able to see a red caboose that sits in a grassy area between the old main
line that continued north to Michigan City and part of the railroad wye here.
Even though this caboose is not authentic Monon, it is still worth a visit if
you’re ever in town off the train. There
is also a marker at this site that presents a history of the Monon Railroad.
Also keep your eyes on the right for a view of the Monon water tower. If you look at the right side – you can see
it smile.
CENTRAL TIME ZONE
(Milepost 82.0) (40.9018° N,
86.9873° W)
The border between White County and Jasper County also marks the point
where our northbound train leaves the Eastern Time Zone and enters the Central
Time Zone. This means you will need to set your watch back one hour so it will
be correct upon reaching Chicago.
Even as late as the 1880’s, most town in the United States had their own
local time, generally based on “high noon”, or the time when the sun was at its
highest point in the sky. As railroads began to shrink the travel time between
cities from days or months to mere hours, these local times became a scheduling
nightmare. Instead of turning to the federal government to create a system of
time zones, the powerful railroad companies took it upon themselves to divide
the country into four times. Most Americans quickly embraced these new time
zones, since railroads were often their lifeblood and main link with the rest
of the world. It was not until 1918 that Congress officially adopted the
railroad time zones.
Because of Indiana’s geographic location at the center of the Midwest,
there have been a lot of heated debates over the years as to whether the state
should be on Eastern or Central Time. Residents who live in the eastern portion
of the state generally preferred Eastern Time, as they had a strong connection
with communities over the border in Ohio that also observe Eastern Time.
Portions of the Cincinnati metropolitan area hang into Indiana, while some
people who live in Ohio commute into Fort Wayne, Indiana for work. On the other
hand, people who lived in the western portion of the state generally preferred
Central Time, as they had a strong connection with communities across the border
in Illinois, which observe Central Time. Many who live in Northwest Indiana and
areas near Evansville commute to/from Illinois for work.
Geographically speaking, Indiana should be completely within the Central
Time Zone. In fact, the border between Eastern and Central Time should be 82°30’ minutes west longitude - or
just west of Cleveland. But, the mapping of time zone boundaries isn’t exact
and residents’ feelings have to be taken into consideration. A compromise was
reached here in Indiana, with most of the state being assigned Eastern Time,
except the far northwest counties around the Chicago area, and far southwest
counties near Evansville. Even with that, some counties on the border have
switched back and forth.
When daylight saving time was proposed, another debate over clocks raged
in Indiana. You likely know that daylight saving time is the practice of
advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight
lasts an hour longer, causing later sunrise times. Those in favor like an extra
hour of daylight in the evening and say less electricity is used. Those
opposed, particularly farmers, say their
day is controlled by the sun and not the clock, and believe daylight saving
hurts productivity because they are missing one extra hour of sunlight in the
morning. Certain counties chose to observe daylight savings, while others did
not. The debate came to an end in 2005, when the Indiana General Assembly voted
to implement daylight saving time statewide.
McCOYSBURG
(Unincorporated; Elevation:
669 feet)
(Milepost 80.0) (40.9148° N,
87.0216° W)
About two miles past the White-Jasper County Line, the Hoosier State travels through the
unincorporated community of McCoysburg.
This was once a thriving town. The Monon Railroad built a large
stockyard with pens to handle 400-500 head of animals; it was located on the
south side of the tracks. The depot sat across from the hotel and even had a
telegraph and express office. The depot burned down in 1932. The Post Office
was located inside of the grocery stores south of the mainline; it burned down
twice, ignited by sparks from passing trains. The town also boasted an
elevator, east of the business district. Electricity for the town was supplied
by Gifford Marrs, who owned a Delco generator plant located in his garage. The
community boasted a total of two street lights. There isn’t much to see from
the train today as we pass through this little rural community.
Look to the right for a view of an old railroad hotel here - it's now a private residence.
McCoysburg was where the Chicago and Wabash Valley
Railroad, built by Benjamin Gifford, met the Monon. This rail opened in 1898
and ran 24 miles from here to Dinwiddie; most of the service was grain trains.
Gifford hoped to extend the tracks as far as Gary, but plans stopped upon his
death in 1913. The Monon ended up operating this line until 1935.
PLEASANT RIDGE
(Unincorporated; Elevation:
699 feet)
(Milepost 77.0) (40.9338° N,
87.0723° W)
As the train passed between McCoysburg and Pleasant
Ridge, keep your eyes out on the right side of the train for a view of
Northwest Indiana’s first ethanol plant. The Iroquois Bio-Energy plant has the
capacity to process about 14.3 million bushels of corn a year into 40 million
gallons of fuel-grade ethanol. Area farmers supply much of the 35,000 bushels
of corn per day that is digested, cooked and fermented to produce ethanol.
RENSSELAER
(Population: 5,912;
Elevation: 659 feet)
(Milepost 73.0) (40.9432° N,
87.1549° W)
The largest
city in Jasper County is our next station stop – Rensselaer, Indiana. The
community, then called Newton, was founded in 1839 at a point where there were
some rapids in the Iroquois River. By 1844, it has been renamed Rensselaer for
James Van Rensselaer, a merchant from Utica, New York, who came to the area
after his business failed in the Panic of 1837. Rensselaer was home of the St.
Joseph Indian Normal School from 1888 to 1896. This boarding school provided
education of Catholic American Indian boys and tried to assimilate them into
the white culture. The building now serves as a residence at Saint Joseph’s
College, a private liberal arts college here in town.
One of Rensselaer’s tastiest industries can also be
seen from the route of the Hoosier State.
Two buildings over from National Gypsum, still on the right side of the
train, is the bakery where the buns are made and baked for White Castle. This
restaurant chain, which is popular in Mid-Atlantic and Midwest states, features
small, square hamburgers – known as “sliders”. The company was founded in
Wichita, Kansas in 1921. Through the 1940’s, a “slider” only cost five cents
each – and for many years after that they were priced at ten cents. The plant
here in Rensselaer was featured on the hit CBS show “Undercover Boss” in 2010.
Dave Rife, one of the company’s owners, showed up to pretend he was a new
employee – he messed up a lot of the buns as he was trying to pack them.
THE STORY CONTINUES FOR YOU... YOU JUST HAVE TO RIDE WITH US AND GET THE GUIDEBOOK!
If
you are interesting in hearing more stories like these, you have two
options. First, come and ride with us on the Hoosier State train on
Sunday, February 26, 2017. We will be doing a special presentation of
the APRHF Rail Rangers: Riding the Hoosier Rails. This will be the last
program to be presented on Iowa Pacific's equipment, and possibly the
last installment of our popular onboard educational series on this
train route for quite sometime. You can hear our narration with both a
coach or business class ticket, however we recommend a business class
tickets so you get to have breakfast with us in the dome car. Second,
purchase a limited edition copy of our 100+ page route guidebook. All
money raised from the sales of this book goes to the APRHF Rail Rangers
program. The best place to purchase your book is at
http://www.railbook.org.